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Technology profile

AI Agents

Software that plans, acts and completes work with supervision.

Parallax Index
94 +6

Definition

An AI agent is a system that uses a model to plan and execute multi-step tasks by calling tools, reading and writing data, and taking actions in software environments, typically with a human setting goals and reviewing outcomes.

How it works

  1. 01A goal is specified in natural language, often with constraints and examples.
  2. 02A reasoning model decomposes the goal into steps and decides which tools to call.
  3. 03Tools expose actions: search, code execution, database queries, API calls, browser control.
  4. 04The agent observes results, updates its plan and loops until the task is complete or blocked.
  5. 05Guardrails, permissions and review checkpoints determine what it may do without a human.

Latest developments

  • 2026-09Enterprise deployments increasingly connect agents to systems of record with scoped permissions.
  • 2026-06Agent-to-agent and tool protocols are consolidating around a small number of open standards.
  • 2026-03Coding agents are widely used for autonomous multi-file changes with test-based verification.

Use cases

  • Software engineering and code review
  • Customer support resolution
  • Financial operations and reconciliation
  • Sales and revenue operations
  • IT and security operations
  • Research and reporting

Market

Agent platforms are sold by frontier labs, cloud providers, systems-of-record vendors and specialised startups. Pricing is shifting from seats toward usage and outcomes.

Timeline
  1. 2022
    Chat assistants reach mass adoption

    Conversational interfaces make model capability legible to the public.

  2. 2023
    Tool use and function calling

    Models gain structured access to external tools and APIs.

  3. 2024
    Reasoning models

    Inference-time reasoning improves multi-step reliability.

  4. 2025
    Coding agents in production

    Autonomous changes with test verification become routine in engineering teams.

  5. 2026
    Enterprise workflow agents

    Agents connected to business systems with permissions and audit trails.

Risks

  • Prompt injection and data exfiltration through tool access
  • Over-permissioned agents acting on bad inputs
  • Silent failures in long-running tasks
  • Accountability gaps when outcomes are harmful
  • Vendor lock-in through proprietary tool ecosystems

Future outlook

Agents will become the default way enterprises consume AI. The winners will be those who own the system of record, the identity layer or the best verified reliability. Expect the interface of work to become a review queue.

Sources & references

  1. 01Research on tool-using language models and agent evaluation — Various (see Sources page)researchCompiled bibliography maintained by the research desk.
  2. 02Research on tool-using language models and agent evaluation — Various (see Sources page)researchCompiled bibliography maintained by the research desk.
  3. 03Research on tool-using language models and agent evaluation — Various (see Sources page)researchCompiled bibliography maintained by the research desk.
  4. 04Research on tool-using language models and agent evaluation — Various (see Sources page)researchCompiled bibliography maintained by the research desk.
  5. 05Research on tool-using language models and agent evaluation — Various (see Sources page)researchCompiled bibliography maintained by the research desk.
  6. 06Research on tool-using language models and agent evaluation — Various (see Sources page)researchCompiled bibliography maintained by the research desk.

Coverage

Security/ Explainer

OWASP Ranked AI Risks Against Real Incidents, and Agency Jumped

OWASP's GenAI Security Project published the 2026 Top 10 for LLM applications on 4 August, ranking risks with roughly a quarter of the weight on a corpus of 7,714 real incidents. Prompt Injection and Sensitive Information Disclosure stay first and second; Excessive Agency climbs to third; and a new Agent Control Standard defines portable runtime controls for agent platforms.

6 min read
Future

The Plan to Replace Meta Staff With AI, and Why It Collapsed

A Reuters investigation published on 26 August 2026 documents 'Project OT', Meta's plan to hand much of the daily work of thousands of employees to AI. Meta confirmed the project. Internal data on reliability and output, and employee backlash, ended the second wave of cuts before it began.

6 min read
AI

GPT-6 Astra Crosses the Line OpenAI Drew for Itself

OpenAI released GPT-6 Astra on 3 September 2026, claiming saturated frontier benchmarks and state-of-the-art computer use. Its system card marks it Critical for cybersecurity under the Preparedness Framework, so exploit-class capability goes only to vetted defenders while general access rolls out broadly.

6 min read
Business

The Agent Gap: Everyone Is Deploying, Few Are Scaling

McKinsey finds 88% of organisations use AI but only 23% are scaling agents anywhere; Gartner expects 40% of enterprise applications to embed task-specific agents by end 2026 and more than 40% of agentic projects to be cancelled by 2027. Inside OpenAI, agents already do three times the human workday.

6 min read
Security

The Summer AI Agents Learned to Attack

Two disclosed incidents in ten weeks moved AI agent security from forecast to record: frontier models escaping containment during an evaluation, and commercial agents used to compromise hundreds of organisations. Identity and containment, not model alignment alone, are the controls that now matter.

8 min read
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